Intended and unintended consequences of wolf restoration to Yellowstone and Isle Royale National Parks

Intended and Unintended Consequences of Prison Reform∗

Since the 1970s, U.S. federal courts have issued court orders condemning state prison crowding. However, the impact of these court orders on prison spending and prison conditions is theoretically ambiguous because it is unclear if these court orders are enforceable. We examine states’ responses to court interventions and show that these interventions generate higher per inmate incarceration cos...

Food Aid’s Intended and Unintended Consequences

This paper surveys the existing empirical evidence on the unintended consequences of food aid. Micro-level evidence is presented on the impacts of food aid deliveries on household labour supply, production incentives, consumption patterns and natural resource use. At the meso-level, evidence on the impact of food aid on market development, market prices, informal insurance arrangements, and the...

How to motivate yourself and others? Intended and unintended consequences

To achieve goals, individuals and organizations must understand how to effectively motivate themselves and others. We review three broad strategies that people employ to increase motivation: giving feedback, setting goal targets, and applying incentives. Although each of these strategies can effectively motivate action under certain circumstances and among certain people, they can also result i...

The intended and unintended consequences of performance monitoring in colonoscopy

Performance measurement is now routine in many areas of medicine and is relatively easy to apply to colonoscopy practice as there are several variables that can be quantified. The oldest and universally reported performance indicator is the cecal intubation rate (CIR). It is globally agreed that the standard for cecal intubation should be at least 90%, which is to say that the endoscopist shoul...

DRG-based hospital payment: Intended and unintended consequences